ABSTRACT
Objective To identify various arteriographic manifestations and the curative effects of emergency embolization of renal hemorrhage after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Methods Emergency arteriography was performed in 21 patients of renal hemor-rhage after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Emergency embolotherapy was conducted by using different embolic agents such as gelat-in sponge,polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)particles and coils after bleeding arteries were identified.The arteriographic manifestations and the curative effects of the treatment for renal hemorrhage were retrospectively analyzed.Results Contrast extravasations were con-firmed in 21 patients,among them,4 contrast extravasations with arteriovenous fistulas(AVF)of renal artery;3 pseudoaneurysms of renal artery.The hemorrhage completely stopped after emergent embolotherapy in 21 cases.During follow-up,no rebleedings and severe complications occurred.Conclusion Emergency arterial embolization for renal hemorrhage after percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a safe and effective treatment.The key to successful treatment is to select embolization agent reasonably and embolize the bleeding arteries thoroughly and completely.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the resistance and molecular profiles of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the clinical specimens.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested with 56 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a hospital from May to November 2011.The mecA and pvl genes were detected.The spa genetic types were analyzed.Results A total of 21 (37.5%)Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to methicillin (MRSA)and 35 (62.5%)were sensitive to methicillin (MSSA).Nineteen of the 21 (90.5%)MRSA strains carried mecA gene.Compared with MSSA,MRSA were much less sen-sitive to rifampin,fluoroqunolones,tetracycline and gentamicin (P <0.05).All the MRSA isolates were susceptible to vanco-mycin,linezolid,tigecycline,quinupristin-dalfopristin and nitrofurantoin.Six spa types were identified among the MRSA strains.Type t030 was the most prevalent,accounting for 66.7% (14/21)of all the MRSA strains.MRSA-t030 and MRSA-t002 were resistant to multiple antibiotics.Eighteen spa types were identified among the MSSA strains.Type t189,t377 and t034 were the top three spa types of MSSA,accounting for 14.3%,14.3% and 11.4%,respectively.A new MSSA spa typ-ing strain new1 was isolated from pus.There were five Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive isolates,3 of which was MSSA-t189 type. Conclusions Type t030 is the most prevalent spa type among clinical MRSA strains,which is resistant to many kinds of antibiotics and widely spreads in the hospital setting.There are many different spa types a-mong the MSSA strains.Type t389,t377 and t034 are the top three spa types of MSSA.